Living In Sardinia: The Essential Expat Guide

If you’re contemplating starting a new life in Sardinia, our comprehensive guide is for you. Sardinia is an incredible place to call home. However, the first few months can be challenging. You may feel like a bit of an outsider. We've written our guide to help you get past that adaptation stage and settle into your new life as quickly as possible.

We’ve left no stone unturned, providing you with all the information you need to make your move a successful and happy experience, including the opportunity to immerse yourself in a different culture with a rich cultural history.

Brief overview of Sardinia

Sardinia, the second-largest island in the Mediterranean, is a captivating land with stunning landscapes, a rich history, and a unique culture.

Located west of the Italian mainland, Sardinia boasts over 1,800 kilometers of unspoiled coastline, pristine beaches, and turquoise waters, making it a paradise for beach, coast, and nature lovers.

Key facts about Sardinia:

• Location: Mediterranean Sea, west of mainland Italy
• Capital: Cagliari
• Population: Approximately 1.6 million
• Language: Italian (Sardinian is also widely spoken)
• Currency: Euro (€)

Highlights

1. Natural beauty:
   • Home to beautiful beaches like Costa Smeralda, La Pelosa, and Cala Luna
   • Diverse landscapes featuring mountains, forests, and wetlands.
2. Cultural heritage:
   • Rich history dates back beyond 1500 BC, with numerous archaeological sites, such as Nuraghe Su Nuraxi and Tharros.
   • The island celebrates its traditions, festivals, and local crafts, including traditional Sardinian weaving and goldsmithing.

3. Gastronomy:

   • It is famous for its unique cuisine, including Porceddu (roast suckling pig), culurgiones (stuffed pasta), and pecorino cheese.
   • Home to high-quality wines such as Vermentino and Cannonau.
4. Climate:
   • An ideal Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters.
   • Ideal for outdoor activities year-round.
5. Quality of life:
   • A relaxed pace of life with a strong sense of community.
   • The environment is safe, with excellent healthcare services.

Sardinia blends natural beauty, cultural wealth, and modern amenities, making it an alluring destination for expats seeking an exceptional lifestyle.

How our guide helps

Moving to a new country is a significant decision that requires thorough research and preparation. Our guide will help you with all the essential information you need to make an informed decision about moving to Sardinia. Here’s how our guide helps:

Comprehensive resource

We cover every aspect of life in Sardinia, from understanding the local culture to finding a place to live, securing employment (if required), and navigating the healthcare system. All the information you need is consolidated in one place to save you time and effort in your research.

Realistic expectations

Understanding what to expect can help you prepare better and avoid unpleasant surprises. We provide insights into the pros and cons of living in Sardinia, helping you set realistic expectations about the lifestyle, cost of living, and potential challenges.

Practical advice

Moving to a new country involves many practical considerations, such as legal requirements, job opportunities, and housing options. We provide comprehensive and helpful advice and step-by-step instructions to help you navigate these aspects smoothly, ensuring a well-prepared and hassle-free transition.

Cultural integration

Adapting to a new culture is one of the most significant challenges for expats. Speaking Italian is crucial for better integration and daily communication in Sardinia, where multiple languages, including Gallurese, are spoken.

We offer tips on learning the language, understanding local customs, and integrating into the community, highlighting the Sardinian people's incredibly welcoming and generous nature. This will make your cultural transition smoother and more enjoyable.

Financial planning

Understanding the cost of living and the financial implications of moving to Sardinia is crucial for effective budgeting. We provide a detailed breakdown of expenses and budgeting tips to help you plan your finances effectively.

Community support

Moving to a new country can feel isolating. We help connect you to the friendly expat community in Sardinia, offering information on social groups, networking opportunities, and ways to make friends.

Why choose Sardinia?

Whether you're seeking a peaceful lifestyle, outdoor adventures, or a taste of authentic Italian culture, Sardinia has something for everyone. Discover why Sardinia is such an appealing choice for expats looking to begin a new chapter in their lives.

The unique features of Sardinia that appeal most to expats

The island's history and culture

Sardinia boasts a rich history and culture. The island’s history stretches back thousands of years, with remnants of ancient civilizations evident in its numerous archaeological sites. Foreigners, particularly those married to Sardinian husbands, often assimilate into the local customs and expectations, highlighting the contrast between their identities and the traditional roles expected in Sardinian society.

The Nuraghe Su Nuraxi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a testament to the island’s prehistoric past. Sardinia’s cultural heritage takes center stage at annual festivals, such as the Sagra di Sant’Efisio and the Sartiglia, which showcase traditional music, dance, and attire.

The island’s unique blend of Italian and Catalan influences stands evident in the architecture of towns like Alghero, known for its distinctive Gothic style.

Stunning natural landscapes and beaches

Sardinia's contrasting landscapes offer breathtaking scenery. The island is home to some of the Mediterranean’s most beautiful beaches, such as Costa Smeralda, La Pelosa, and Cala Luna.

Inland, Sardinia’s diverse terrain includes rugged mountains, rolling hills, and dense forests. The Gennargentu National Park and the Supramonte mountain range provide abundant opportunities for hiking, climbing, and exploring unspoiled wilderness.

Sardinia's unique flora and fauna, including endemic species like the Sardinian wildcat and the mouflon, add to the island’s natural allure.

Mediterranean climate

Sardinia enjoys a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. This agreeable weather makes the island one of the rare places in Europe with a mild climate all year and a perfect place to live year-round.

In summer, temperatures often reach the high 20s to mid-30s Celsius (80s to 90s Fahrenheit), perfect for beachgoers and water sports enthusiasts. Winter temperatures rarely drop below 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit), ideal for comfortable exploration of the island's cultural and natural attractions.

Quality of life in Sardinia

Island life

Life here is slower than in many other parts of Europe and the United States, allowing residents to enjoy an unbelievably fantastic lifestyle, or 'good life,' that embraces a sense of community and family, celebrates history and culture, enjoys local and seasonal food, and lives in a climate with consistent sunshine and enjoyable temperatures.

The island’s culture emphasizes family, community, and enjoying life’s simple pleasures. Social gatherings, long meals, and outdoor activities are integral to Sardinian life, fostering a strong sense of community and well-being.

Safety and healthcare

Sardinia is one of the safest regions in Italy, with low crime rates and a sense of community vigilance. Residents and visitors feel secure walking around towns and cities, even at night.

The healthcare system in Sardinia is robust, offering both public and private medical services. The public healthcare system, Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), provides comprehensive coverage to residents, including expats with residency permits.

Numerous hospitals, clinics, and specialized medical facilities are across the island. Private healthcare is available, offering faster access and additional services.

You can find more details on healthcare and how to access it in our Living In Itay guide in the Healthcare section.

Cost of living

The cost of living in Sardinia is generally lower than in the United States and the United Kingdom. While expenses can vary depending on lifestyle and location, the following table provides a comparison of key living costs:

Comparison of living costs

Summary of costs

• Housing: Significantly more affordable in Sardinia than in the US and UK.
• Utilities and groceries: Generally lower, providing overall savings on essential living expenses.
• Dining out: Comparable or slightly cheaper, making it affordable to enjoy local cuisine.
• Transportation: Public transport is cost-effective, and car ownership costs are reasonable.
• Healthcare: Public healthcare covers most needs, with private options at a lower cost than in the US and UK.
• Internet: These costs are similar to those in the UK and lower than in the US.

Living in Sardinia offers a high quality of life with a more relaxed pace, robust safety, and accessible healthcare while maintaining a lower cost of living compared to many countries.

Planning your move to Sardinia

Any successful move overseas is all about planning, so let's get started.

Research and preparation

Visit Sardinia before the move

Before deciding to move to Sardinia, visiting the island at least once is crucial. This visit allows you to:

• Experience the lifestyle: Spend time in different regions to get a feel for the pace of life, local culture, and community vibes.
• Explore housing options: Visit various housing options in person to learn about the real estate market and identify neighborhoods that suit your lifestyle.
• Assess amenities and services: Check out local amenities such as grocery stores, healthcare facilities, schools, and transportation options.
• Connect with expats: Meet other expats living in Sardinia to get firsthand insights and advice on moving and settling down.

Understand the local culture and customs

Sardinia has a distinct culture that may differ significantly from what you are used to. Understanding these cultural nuances can help you settle much more quickly. Newcomers might need to adapt to a few things, such as local customs and behaviors.

• Social etiquette: Sardinians are known for their hospitality. Greetings often include a kiss on both cheeks, and it’s customary to address people formally unless invited to use first names.
• Festivals and traditions: Join the local community in festivals and events like the Sagra di Sant’Efisio and the Sartiglia.
• Dining habits: Lunch is the day’s main meal, often enjoyed with family. Dinner is usually lighter and eaten later in the evening.
• Siesta time: Many businesses close in the early afternoon for a siesta and reopen later in the day.

Learning to speak Italian

While some Sardinians speak English, especially in tourist areas, learning Italian is essential for a flourishing life on the island. Here’s how to get started:

• Language courses: You can enroll in language courses online or in person. Many resources are available, from beginner to advanced levels.
• Language apps: Use apps like Duolingo, Babbel, or Rosetta Stone to practice Italian daily.
• Language exchange: Participate in language exchange programs or find a language partner to practice speaking Italian regularly.
• Immerse yourself: Practice Italian by interacting with locals, watching Italian TV shows or movies, and reading Italian books or newspapers.

Proficiency in Italian will make everyday life easier and much more fun.

Legal requirements

To legally arrive and reside in Sardinia, you will need to sort out your visa and residency.

Visa and residency permits

Visa requirements

For non-EU citizens, obtaining a visa is the first step toward living in Sardinia. Here are the common types of visas:

• Tourist visa: This visa allows a stay of up to 90 days within a 180-day period. It’s not suitable for long-term relocation but ideal for initial exploration. Citizens of certain countries, including the UK, USA, and Canada, can visit Sardinia as tourists without visas.
• Elective residence visa: This visa is ideal for retirees or individuals with sufficient income to support themselves without working in Italy. Proof of financial stability is required. Find more details in our Living In Italy guide in the Residency section.
• Work visa: This visa is issued to those who have secured a job in Sardinia. The employer usually assists with the application process. It is only sometimes suitable for retirees.
• Student visa: For those enrolled in an Italian educational institution. There’s no upper age limit!

Residency permits

Once you have your visa, you need to apply for a residency permit (Permesso di Soggiorno) within eight days of arriving in Sardinia:

• Where to apply: At the local post office or the immigration office (Questura).
• Required documents: Passport, visa, proof of residence (rental contract), financial statements, and health insurance.
• Renewal: Residency permits must be renewed periodically, usually every 1-2 years, depending on your visa type.

Italian Investor Visa (Golden Visa)

If you can make significant financial investments, an Italian Investor Visa provides a streamlined path for investors seeking residency in Italy.

Eligibility criteria

To qualify for the Italian Investor Visa, applicants must make one of the following investments:

1. Government bonds: Invest at least €2 million in Italian government bonds.
2. Italian companies: Invest at least €500,000 in shares of an Italian limited company (or €250,000 for innovative startups).
3. Philanthropic donation: Make a €1 million donation to support a public interest project in Italy (e.g., culture, education, immigration management, scientific research, etc.).
4. Investment funds: Invest at least €1 million in an Italian investment fund or a similar instrument that benefits the Italian economy.

Benefits of the Italian Investor Visa

• Residence permit: Initially valid for two years, renewable for three additional years.
• Family inclusion: Immediate family members (spouse, children) can also be included in the visa.
• Path to citizenship: After ten years of continuous residence, you may apply for Italian citizenship.

Tax considerations

• Flat tax option: For up to 15 years, new residents can opt for a flat tax of €100,000 per year on foreign-sourced income, regardless of the amount.
• No wealth tax: No wealth tax on financial assets held outside Italy exists.

Renewal requirements

• Maintaining investment: To renew the visa, you must keep your investment in the eligible category.
• Continued residence: Ensure you reside in Italy for the majority of the year to maintain your residency status.

Working in Sardinia

With more retirees planning to supplement their retirement income with some form of employment, we’ve included a brief overview.

Job market overview

Sardinia's job market is competitive, especially if you don't speak Italian. Key industries include tourism, agriculture, and marine services. Teaching English and remote working are also viable options for expats.

Work permits

Non-EU citizens need a work permit to work in Sardinia legally:

• Application process: Typically handled by your employer, who must demonstrate that no EU candidate could fill the position.
• Self-employment: Requires a detailed business plan and proof of sufficient funds.

Networking and job search

• Job portals: Websites like Indeed, LinkedIn, and English Jobs In Sardinia are good places to search.
• Networking: Join local expat groups, attend business events, and connect with professional associations in your field.

Taxes and financial considerations

Tax residency

You will be classed as a tax resident if you spend more than 183 days a year in the country or have your primary center of business and personal interests there.

Tax system overview

Italy has a progressive tax system, with rates varying based on income:

• Income tax: Ranges from 23% to 43%.
• Regional tax: An additional 1.23% to 3.33%, depending on the region.
• Municipal tax: Ranges from 0% to 0.8%.

Filing taxes

• Annual tax return: Must be filed by September 30th for the previous tax year.
• Assistance: Consider hiring a commercialista (tax advisor) to navigate the Italian tax system and ensure compliance.

For more details on Italian taxation and tax benefits for expats in Italy, visit our Italian Taxes For Expats guide.

Financial considerations

• Banking: Opening a local bank account is advisable for managing day-to-day expenses. Major banks include Unicredit, Intesa Sanpaolo, and Banco di Sardegna.
• Currency exchange: Italy uses the Euro (€). Consider the current exchange rate and potential fees when transferring money from abroad.

Where to live in Sardinia

Popular cities and regions

Cagliari: the Capital City

Cagliari, the capital of Sardinia, offers an ideal blend of history, culture, and modern amenities. Located on the southern coast, Cagliari boasts a stunning harbor and a picturesque old town, Castello, perched on a hilltop. Expats often form meaningful friendships and positive relationships, enhancing their overall experience in the city.

• Lifestyle: You’ll enjoy a lively urban lifestyle with plenty of cafes, restaurants, and shops.
• Amenities: Cagliari provides excellent healthcare facilities, international schools, and a well-connected public transportation system.
• Beaches: Poetto Beach, stretching several kilometers, is a favorite spot for locals and tourists alike.

Olbia: gateway to the Costa Smeralda

Olbia is the gateway to Costa Smeralda, known for its stunning beaches and glitzy resorts. Olbia is located in the island’s northeast and blends natural beauty with modern convenience.

• Lifestyle: Olbia offers a more relaxed pace than Cagliari, focusing on outdoor activities and seaside living. The town has a charming historic center with quaint streets and local markets.
• Amenities: The city has a modern hospital, good schools, and shopping centers. The Olbia-Costa Smeralda Airport connects to other parts of Europe.
• Beaches: Beautiful beaches like Spiaggia del Principe and Capriccioli are just a short drive away.

Alghero: Catalan heritage

Alghero, located on the northwest coast, is renowned for its distinctive Catalan heritage and medieval architecture.

• Lifestyle: Experience a blend of Italian and Catalan culture in Alghero. The city offers a relaxed lifestyle with excellent seafood restaurants, cafes, and boutiques.
• Amenities: Alghero provides good healthcare services, schools, and an airport with seasonal international flights.
• Beaches: Enjoy the crystal-clear waters of nearby beaches like Maria Pia and Le Bombarde.

Nuoro: cultural hub

Situated in the heart of Sardinia, with scenic mountain views, Nuoro offers a different perspective on island life, away from the coastal tourist spots.

• Lifestyle: A tranquil and culturally rich environment. The city has several museums, including the Museum of Sardinian Life and Folk Traditions, and hosts numerous cultural festivals.
• Amenities: While smaller than the coastal cities, Nuoro has all the essential services for a good life, such as hospitals, schools, and local markets.
• Outdoor activities: The surrounding region offers excellent hiking opportunities in the Supramonte mountain range and visits to traditional Sardinian villages.

Real estate market overview

Sardinia’s real estate market caters to all budgets and preferences. Prices range from around €50,000 for a small two-bedroom village home to over €25 million for a villa that looks like a transplant from Beverly Hills.

Coastal areas

• High demand: Coastal areas like Costa Smeralda and Alghero are highly demanded, particularly for luxury villas and beachfront properties.
• Price range: Prices in these areas can be significantly higher. For instance, a villa in Costa Smeralda can cost anywhere from €1 million to sky’s the limit.

Urban areas

• Moderate demand: Cities like Cagliari and Olbia have a moderate demand for apartments and houses. These areas offer a balance between urban amenities and access to beaches.
• Price range: Apartments in Cagliari city center can range from €150,000 to €500,000, depending on size and location.

Rural areas

• Lower demand: Rural areas and small towns like Nuoro have lower demand and offer more affordable housing options.
• Price range: Country homes and traditional houses in these areas can be purchased for as little as €50,000 to €150,000, making them attractive for retirees looking for a more peaceful, budget-friendly lifestyle.

Working with a local real estate agent who understands the market and can help you find the best property for your needs is advisable.

For more information on the intricacies of real estate purchase in Italy, visit our Buying Property In Italy guide.

Healthcare and medical services

Let's discuss your healthcare options, costs, and how to access the services.

Healthcare system overview

Public healthcare services

Like the rest of Italy, Sardinia has a well-established public healthcare system, the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN). This system provides comprehensive medical services to residents, including expats with legal residency permits.

• Primary care: General practitioners (GPs) offer primary healthcare services. Residents register with a local GP, who is the first point of contact for medical issues and can refer patients to specialists.
• Specialist care: Access to specialists is generally available through GP referral. Public hospitals and clinics offer a range of specialized medical services.
• Emergency services: Emergency care is available to everyone, regardless of residency status. Dial 112 for urgent medical assistance.

Private healthcare options

Private healthcare is available for faster access to medical services or specialized care.

• Private clinics and hospitals: These facilities offer high-quality care with shorter waiting times. Popular among expats, private healthcare is more expensive but provides a broader range of services.
• Insurance coverage: Many expats opt for private health insurance, which is available from local providers and international health insurers. Local insurance starts at around €70 per month for basic coverage for one person.

Finding doctors and specialists

• GPs: Residents register with a local GP upon arrival. If you’re not fluent in Italian, ensure the GP speaks English.
• Specialists: Referrals from your GP are generally required for specialist consultations. Private healthcare allows for direct access to specialists without referrals.
• Pharmacies: Pharmacies (farmacie) are widely available and provide prescription and over-the-counter medications. Pharmacists also offer medical advice for minor ailments.

Health insurance

National health insurance system

The SSN covers a wide range of healthcare services for residents, including:

• Primary care: Free visits to GPs and some specialist services.
• Hospitalization: Free or low-cost hospitalization and surgeries.
• Prescriptions: Subsidized prescription medications, with some requiring a co-payment.

To access SSN services, you need a Tessera Sanitaria (health card), which you can get after registering with the local health authority (ASL).

Private health insurance plans

Many expats supplement public healthcare with private health insurance for added flexibility and access to a broader range of services.

• Coverage options: Private insurance can cover GP visits, specialist consultations, dental care, and hospital stays.
• Providers: Several local and international insurance companies offer private health insurance plans tailored to expats. Popular providers include Allianz, AXA, and Cigna. You can compare quotes from the leading providers.

Recommendations for expats

1. Register with the SSN: Upon obtaining residency, register with the SSN to access public healthcare services. Choose a local GP and familiarize yourself with the nearest public hospitals and clinics.
2. Consider private insurance: To ensure comprehensive coverage and faster access to medical services, consider purchasing private health insurance.
3. Learn basic Italian medical terms: While some doctors speak English, knowing basic Italian medical vocabulary can help with everyday medical interactions.

More details are in our Living In Italy guide in the Healthcare section.

Social life and leisure

Beyond the stunning beaches and ancient ruins, Sardinia offers great opportunities for socializing and making friends.  Deeply rooted in tradition, Sardinians value community, celebrating with gusto and unwinding at a relaxed pace.

Cultural activities, events, and places to visit

Festivals and celebrations

Sardinia hosts events and festivals throughout the year, each reflecting the island’s unique culture. Unlike the hectic pace and demands of modern life in the Western world, these festivals offer an opportunity to slow down and enjoy the rich traditions.

• Sagra di Sant’Efisio (May 1-4): One of Sardinia’s most important religious festivals, held in Cagliari. It features a grand procession honoring Saint Efisio, with participants dressed in traditional costumes accompanied by ox-drawn carts and folk music.
• Carnival of Mamoiada (January-February): Famous for the traditional “Mamuthones” and “Issohadores” costumes. The carnival includes parades, dances, and performances that showcase Sardinia’s ancient rituals.
• Autunno in Barbagia (September-December): A series of autumn festivals in the Barbagia region celebrating local crafts, foods, and traditions. Each participating village opens its doors to visitors, offering a glimpse into rural Sardinian life.

Museums and historical sites

Sardinia boasts numerous museums and archaeological sites highlighting its history and cultural evolution.

• Museo Archeologico Nazionale (Cagliari): This museum houses an extensive collection of artifacts from the Nuragic, Phoenician, Punic, and Roman periods.
• Su Nuraxi di Barumini: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this well-preserved Nuragic complex offers insights into the prehistoric Nuragic civilization.
• Museo del Costume (Nuoro): This museum is dedicated to traditional Sardinian costumes and showcases the island’s textile heritage and folk traditions.

Music, art, and theater

Sardinia has a lively mix of music, art, and theater.

• Time in Jazz (Berchidda, August): An internationally renowned jazz festival founded by Sardinian trumpeter Paolo Fresu. It features performances by top jazz musicians in various scenic locations around Berchidda.
• La Notte dei Poeti (Pula, July): An annual festival celebrating poetry and theater. Held at the ancient Roman theater of Nora, it includes performances by Italian and international artists.
• Art galleries: Cagliari and Sassari have numerous art galleries that showcase contemporary Sardinian artists and traditional art forms.

Outdoor activities

Sardinia's diverse landscapes and favorable climate make it an outdoor enthusiast’s paradise. Whether you enjoy water sports, hiking, or exploring nature, the island offers activities to suit all interests.

Beaches and water sports

Sardinia is renowned for its stunning beaches and crystal-clear waters:

• Swimming and sunbathing: Popular beaches include Costa Smeralda, La Pelosa, Cala Luna, and Poetto Beach. These beaches offer pristine sand and beautiful settings for relaxing by the sea.
• Snorkeling and diving: Sardinia’s clear waters and rich marine life make it ideal for snorkeling and diving. Sites like Tavolara Island and the Marine Protected Area of Capo Caccia offer spectacular underwater landscapes and diverse marine species.
• Windsurfing and kitesurfing: The strong and consistent winds, especially around Porto Pollo and Chia, provide excellent conditions for windsurfing and kitesurfing.
• Sailing and boating: Explore the coast and nearby islands by renting a boat or joining a sailing tour. The Maddalena Archipelago is particularly popular for its spectacular islands and coves.

Hiking and nature trails

Sardinia’s mixed terrain offers numerous opportunities for hiking and exploring:

• Gennargentu National Park: Home to Sardinia’s highest peaks, this park offers challenging hikes with rewarding views. The Punta La Marmora trail is a favorite among experienced hikers.
• Supramonte: This rugged mountain range features deep gorges, caves, and ancient forests. The Gorropu Gorge, one of the deepest canyons in Europe, offers a thrilling hiking experience.
• Coastal trails: The Selvaggio Blu trail, stretching along the eastern coast, is one of Sardinia’s most famous and challenging hikes. It offers breathtaking coastal views and rugged terrain.

Sports and recreational clubs

You'll find plenty of options when you want to engage in organized sports and recreational activities.

• Golf: The island has several golf courses, such as Pevero Golf Club in Costa Smeralda and Is Molas Golf Club near Cagliari, offering beautiful settings and well-maintained courses.
• Cycling: Sardinia’s diverse landscapes and well-maintained roads make it a cyclist’s dream. The island offers routes for all levels, from leisurely coastal rides to challenging mountain climbs.
• Horseback riding: Experience Sardinia’s countryside on horseback. Various equestrian centers offer guided tours through scenic trails, vineyards, and along the coast.

Wildlife and bird watching

Sardinia is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts and bird watchers.

• Wetlands and nature reserves: Places like the Molentargius-Saline Regional Park near Cagliari and the S'Ena Arrubia Marsh in Oristano are perfect for spotting flamingos and other migratory birds.
• Wildlife reserves: The Monte Arcosu Reserve, home to the endangered Sardinian deer, offers guided tours and the chance to see a variety of local fauna in their natural habitat.

Transportation and getting around

Public transportation

Sardinia offers a combination of public transportation options, making it relatively easy to travel around the island.

Buses and trains

• Buses: ARST (Azienda Regionale Sarda Trasporti) operates the main bus network across Sardinia, connecting major cities, towns, and rural areas. Buses are generally reliable and affordable, though they are less frequent in remote areas.
• Trains: Trenitalia operates the island’s train services, with lines connecting key cities such as Cagliari, Sassari, Olbia, and Oristano. The train network is less extensive than the bus network but offers a comfortable and scenic way to travel between major destinations.
• Timetables and tickets: Bus and train schedules are available on the ARST and Trenitalia websites (all resource links at the end of the article). Tickets can be purchased online, at stations, or from authorized vendors.

Domestic flights and ferries

• Air travel: Sardinia has three main airports – Cagliari Elmas Airport, Olbia Costa Smeralda Airport, and Alghero-Fertilia Airport. These airports offer regular domestic flights to mainland Italy and other European destinations.
• Ferries: Multiple ferry operators, such as Tirrenia, Moby Lines, and Grimaldi Lines, connect Sardinia to the Italian mainland and other Mediterranean destinations. Ferries operate from Cagliari, Olbia, Porto Torres, and Arbatax ports. They offer an alternative way to travel with or without a car and often provide overnight services.

Driving in Sardinia

Obtaining a driver’s license

• EU Citizens: If you hold a valid EU driver’s license, you can use it in Sardinia without additional requirements.
• Non-EU Citizens: Non-EU citizens must obtain an Italian driver’s license if they plan to stay longer than one year. The process involves converting your existing license or taking the Italian driving test, depending on your country of origin.

Car rentals and purchases

• Car rentals: Renting a car is a convenient way to explore Sardinia. Major rental companies like Hertz, Avis, and Europcar operate at airports and in major cities.
• Buying a car: Purchasing a car will be more economical over a longer term. You can buy new or used vehicles from dealerships and private sellers.

Road conditions and driving tips

• Road conditions: Sardinia has a well-maintained network of highways and local roads. However, some rural and mountainous roads may be narrow and winding, requiring careful driving.
• Driving tips:
  • Speed limits: Typically 50 km/h in urban areas, 90 km/h on secondary roads, and 130 km/h on highways.
  • Parking: Pay attention to parking signs and zones. Blue lines indicate paid parking, while white lines indicate free parking. Yellow lines are reserved for specific uses.
  • ZTL Zones: Many cities have limited traffic zones (ZTL) where only authorized vehicles can enter. Be mindful of these areas to avoid fines.

Challenges and considerations

Moving to a foreign country is never a smooth process, but it helps if you are prepared for the upcoming challenges. Learn what to expect to ensure a smooth transition to this beautiful island.

Language barrier

While many Sardinians speak English, especially in tourist areas, Italian is the primary language spoken across the island.

Importance of learning Italian

Learning Italian is essential for:

• Daily interactions: Communicating with locals in shops, restaurants, and public services.
• Professional integration: Enhancing employment prospects and workplace communication.
• Social integration: Building relationships and fully participating in the community.

Bureaucracy and red tape

Dealing with local authorities

Navigating bureaucracy in Sardinia can be challenging but manageable with the right approach:

• Documentation: Ensure all your paperwork is in order, including visas, residency permits, and other required documents.
• Language: Having a basic understanding of Italian or hiring a translator can be extremely helpful in dealing with official matters.
• Patience: Bureaucratic processes can be slow. Patience and persistence are key.

Tips for navigating bureaucracy

• Seek assistance: Consider hiring a local advisor or legal consultant to help navigate complex processes.
• Stay informed: Check official websites and local expat forums for updates and advice on bureaucratic procedures.
• Be prepared: Have multiple copies of important documents and organize them for easy access during official appointments.

Moving to Sardinia

If you’re serious about living in Sardinia, take the first step today by visiting the island, connecting with expat communities, and beginning your preparation.

Tips for success

• Be open-minded: Embrace the cultural differences and be open to learning from the local way of life.
• Stay connected: Join expat communities and local groups to build a support network and make new friends.
• Plan ahead: Thorough preparation and organization can help mitigate potential challenges and make the move easier.

Visit the links we've provided for more detailed information and resources. You can also join online forums and groups dedicated to expats in Sardinia. Buona Fortuna (good luck) with your move!

Resources

Here is a comprehensive list of resources to help you with your move and life in Sardinia:

General information

• Italy's Official Tourism Website: Italy Tourism
• Sardinia Tourism: Sardegna Turismo

Expat community and forums

• Sardinia Community (only English spoken): Facebook Group
• Meetup Sardinia: Meetup Sardinia
• Sardinia Expats: Facebook Group

Legal and immigration

• Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation: Visa Information
• Investment Visa For Italy (Golden Visa Information): Italian Government Site

Housing and real estate

• Immobiliare.it (Real Estate Listings): Immobiliare.it
• Casa.it (Real Estate Listings): Casa.it

Employment and business

• Indeed Italy: Indeed Italy
• English-Speaking Jobs in Italy: The Local

Education and schools

• Chatterbox English/International School (Cagliari):
• International School Sardinia (Olbia)
• University of Cagliari

Healthcare

• Italian National Health Service (SSN): Ministero della Salute
• Compare Primary International Health Insurance Providers

Transportation>

• ARST (Public Bus Service): ARST Sardinia

• Trenitalia (Train Service): Trenitalia

Language learning

• Duolingo: Duolingo
• Babbel: Babbel
• Local language schools:
  • Pintardera (Alghero)
  • One World Italiano (Cagliari)

Local services and utilities

• Enel (Electricity Provider): Enel
• Abbanoa (Water Service): Abbanoa
• Telecom Italia (Internet and Phone Services): TIM

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